A static method can be accessed without creating object if the class. JVM loads static method at the time of class loading. VOID - Is a return type, we apply void with the method signature when we know method is not going to return any value. One approach is to split the sentence when there is a space and store each word into an array of string. Now convert character of each word String to uppercase and concatenate all the words String elements of array again. Suppose if you are in class room that time you behave like a student, when you are in market at that time you behave like a customer, when you at your home at that time you behave like a son or daughter, Here one person present in different-different behaviors.
Polymorphism is derived from 2 greek words: poly and morphs. The word "poly" means many and "morphs" means forms. So polymorphism means many forms. Polymorphism is not a programming concept but it is one of the principal of OOPs. In Java, The ability of a reference variable to change behavior according to what object instance it is holding.
The first step is finding them. In a univariate sense, this is already a little tricky as there may be issues of masking, where the presence of one extreme outlier masks others. There is also the problem of what the underlying distribution of the variable is - e. When you start looking bivariately, the possibilities grow, exponentially. Yet it still could be necessary to look. In a census of a population, a 12 year old is not an outlier and a widow is not an outlier but a 12 year old widow is one.
With multivariate data things are really hard: In one sense, every data point in a space with many dimensions is an outlier. Then you have to decide what to do. You don't specify what methods you are using regression? Factor analysis? However, this may be a reasonable option in other cases if you want to keep the statistics simple. This may serve other purposes as well. It probably shouldn't be used just because there is an outlier, but it may help deal with outliers.
Quantile regression instead of "regular" regression. PEGA is a platform which provided a systematic approach to build and deploy process-oriented and rule based solution and applications. Business Process Management, Customer relationship management, Decision management and case management solutions are some of the examples where process and rules are integral part of application development.
The best part is this Designer studio is web based so a developer can work and create solutions from anywhere in the world. Autowiring feature of spring framework enables you to inject the object dependency implicitly. It internally uses setter or constructor injection. Autowiring can't be used to inject primitive and string values. It works with reference only. D ependency injection DI is a process whereby objects define their dependencies, that is, the other objects they work with, only through constructor arguments, arguments to a factory method, or properties that are set on the object instance after it is constructed or returned from a factory method.
The container then injects those dependencies when it creates the bean. This process is fundamentally the inverse, hence the name Inversion of Control IoC , of the bean itself controlling the instantiation or location of its dependencies on its own by using direct construction of classes, or the Service Locator pattern. It also provides a framework for integrating the existing custom tags with the JSTL tags.
So, JSTL JavaServer Pages Standard Tag Langauge is a library of XML tags used to provide a means of executing conditional logic, iteration, and switch block logic, as well as parsing and manipulating XML, parsing date and numerical formats and strings, building URLs, and even providing database access which is fine for prototyping, but one downside may be that you CAN use JSTL to access a database, which might encourage some developers to lazily mix data access logic into their view layer.
A JSP life cycle is defined as the process from its creation till the destruction. This is similar to a servlet life cycle with an additional step which is required to compile a JSP into servlet.
Ant and Maven both are build tools provided by Apache. The main purpose of these technologies is to ease the build process of a project.
Defect life cycle , also known as Bug Life cycle is the journey of a defect cycle, which a defect goes through during its lifetime. Partitioning allows tables, indexes, and index-organized tables to be subdivided into smaller pieces, enabling these database objects to be managed and accessed at a finer level of granularity.
Oracle provides a rich variety of partitioning strategies and extensions to address every business requirement. SQL Loader is a bulk loader utility used for moving data from external files into the Oracle Database.
Its syntax is similar to that of the DB2 load utility, but comes with more options. SQL Loader supports various load formats, selective loading, and multi-table loads.
A DSO DataStore Object is known as the storage place to keep cleansed and consolidated transaction or master data at the lowest granularity level and this data can be analyzed using the BEx query. A DataStore Object contains key figures and the characteristic fields and data from a DSO can be updated using Delta update or other DataStore objects or even from the master data.
These DataStore Objects are commonly stored in two dimensional transparent database tables. All the lines passing through the center of the rectangle will divide it into two parts of equal area. The responsibility of a proxy server is to contact a server on your behalf, request an action and pass the response back to you. This is applicable, for example, when there is no possibility to establish direct connection with server. It is a transparent process and nearly like directly communicating with a server.
However there are many possible ways to ruin this security model due to complex software frameworks running on the browser. For example Flash or Java applets are a perfect example how a proxy connection can get broken, Flash and Java both might not care much about the proxy settings of their parent application browser.
Another example would be cookies or your browser meta footprint which might both identify you if the webserver knows you from the past already or meets you again without proxy. The proxy itself needs to be trusted as it can read all the data that goes through it and on top it might even be able to break your SSL security read up on man in the middle. HttpHandler is where the request train is headed. NET Web application. There are three steps involved in creating Handler 1.
Implement IHttpHandler interface. Register handler in web. ProcessRequest: In this method, you write the code that produces the output for the handler. IsResuable: This property tells whether this handler can be reused or not. An HttpModule will execute for every request to your application, regardless of extension, and is generally used for things like security, statistics, logging, etc. So, HTTP modules let you examine incoming and outgoing requests and take action based on the request.
We can insert, update, delete multiple rows at one time. When you open a cursor, you are basically loading rows into memory and locking them, creating potential blocks. Then, as you cycle through the cursor, you are making changes to other tables and still keeping all of the memory and locks of the cursor open. So, as a general rule, cursors are frowned upon. Especially if that's the first solution arrived at in solving a problem. A cursor is a temporary work area created in the system memory when a SQL statement is executed.
A cursor contains information on a select statement and the rows of data accessed by it. This temporary work area is used to store the data retrieved from the database, and manipulate this data. Yes, that would be called an Indexed view or Materialized view. The first index created on a view must be a unique clustered index. After the unique clustered index has been created, you can create more non-clustered indexes.
Creating a unique clustered index on a view improves query performance because the view is stored in the database in the same way a table with a clustered index is stored.
The query optimizer may use indexed views to speed up the query execution. The view does not have to be referenced in the query for the optimizer to consider that view for a substitution.
Using simple sql query to check whether data exists before inserting data into the table. Say there are two relations customer cid, cname and orders oid, cid, quantity , and you want to find quantity of products each customer ordered, including ones who make no order. If using natural join, order information of the ones with no order will be lost.
If using outer join as below:. You will get rows of customers with no order as cname , NULL. A database is an organized collection of data. It is the collection of schemas, tables, queries, reports, views, and other objects. The data are typically organized to model aspects of reality in a way that supports processes requiring information.
Apache Hive is a data warehouse software project built on top of Apache Hadoop for providing data summarization, query, and analysis. Hive gives an SQL-like interface to query data stored in various databases and file systems that integrate with Hadoop. That being said, immutability of String only means you cannot change it using its public API.
You can in fact bypass the normal API using reflection. Using copy. Each student can be assigned to a locker, so there is a LockerNumber column in the Student table. More than one student could potentially be in a single locker, but especially at the beginning of the academic year, you may have some incoming students without lockers and some lockers that have no students assigned.
For the sake of this example, lets say you have students , 70 of which have lockers. You have a total of 50 lockers , 40 of which have at least 1 student and 10 lockers have no student.
Any students without lockers, or any lockers without students are missing. Returns 70 rows. MVC is the separation of m odel, v iew and c ontroller. It's simply a paradigm.
For example, while a table grid view should obviously present data once shown, it should not have code on where to retrieve the data from, or what its native structure the model is like. Likewise, while it may have a function to sum up a column, the actual summing is supposed to happen in the controller. A 'save file' dialog view ultimately passes the path, once picked by the user, on to the controller , which then asks the model for the data, and does the actual saving.
This separation of responsibilities allows flexibility down the road. For example, because the view doesn't care about the underlying model, supporting multiple file formats is easier: just add a model subclass for each.
The variables A and B refer to different areas of memory, when B is assigned to A the two variables refer to the same area of memory. Later modifications to the contents of either are instantly reflected in the contents of other, as they share contents. The variables A and B refer to different areas of memory, when B is assigned to A the values in the memory area which A points to are copied into the memory area to which B points.
Later modifications to the contents of either remain unique to A or B; the contents are not shared. In short, it depends on what points to what. In a shallow copy, object B points to object A's location in memory. In deep copy, all things in object A's memory location get copied to object B's memory location. An email hosting service is an Internet hosting services that operates email servers. A driver is software that allows your computer to communicate with hardware or devices.
Without drivers, the hardware you connect to your computer—for example, a video card or a printer—won't work properly. A printer driver communicates the computer commands to the printer to perform a certain task make printouts. A software driver interprets the computer commands to a software program to do something else. The minute hand moves degree in 60 minute or 6 degree in one minute and hour hand moves degree in 12 hours or 0.
Points inside the rectangle can be found by writing the equations of the lines of the rectangle and checking for the constraints along x-axis and y-axis. Make separate threads for tasks like a thread for deposition, a thread for withdrawal, etc. Segment tree is a data structure which can be used to perform range queries and range updates. The underlying principle behind this data structure is to store certain values of ranges as a balanced binary tree and hence query and update can be performed efficiently.
A detailed explanation of this structure is available in this link - Segment tree - PEGWiki To summarize what is written I will use the following example: You are given an array of 'n' elements. You want to perform the following operations on the array. A simple approach is to maintain an array and update each segment when an update query comes, and to calculate the sum of the range when a find sum query comes. Note, both these operations take O n time.
Segment tree helps in reducing each of these tasks to O log n time. In brief it works as follows: Maintain a balanced binary tree. Each node of the binary tree corresponds to some consecutive range.
In particular, the root corresponds to the entire [1,n] range. Now, at every node you will store the sum of the elements of that particular range. When operation of type i comes, you will update the first node from the root which completely fits in the range and push a flag to its children which says the values have been modified. Note, you will have to update atmost two nodes in any single operation of type 1 This is a jist. Please refer to the link for full details.
Similarly, when query of operation 2 appears you can perform a similar process and by visiting atmost 2 leaves you can obtain the sum. Check the link for details. Since this is a balanced binary tree, for an array of size n, the height is atmost O log n. And hence we can perform the operations in O log n , The query and update process is essentially a divide and conquer strategy.
Overlaying means "the process of transferring a block of program code or other data into internal memory, replacing what is already stored". Overlaying is a technique that allows programs to be larger than the computer's main memory. An embedded would normally use overlays because of the limitation of physical memory which is internal memory for a system-on-chip and the lack of virtual memory facilities.
This technique requires the programmers to specify which overlay to load at different circumstances. It is the process created at system startup time, which is also the first process created by the system. As to linux, the swapper has nothing to do after initialization, and only gets run when these is no other process that can be run in the system because it is given the lowest priority, so it can also be called the idle process.
A good reference to Linux kernel may be Understanding the Linux Kernel. Because a stateless protocol does not require the server to retain session information or status about each communications partner for the duration of multiple requests.
HTTP is a stateless protocol, which means that the connection between the browser and the server is lost once the transaction ends. The browser itself does not function at the Application layer. Any encryption or compression mechanisms used on a website are also considered a Presentation layer function.
TCP establishes and maintains a connection from the client to the web server, and packages the higher-layer data into segments. A sequence number is assigned to each segment so that data can be reassembled upon arrival.
IP is also responsible for the assigned logical addresses on the client and server, and for encapsulating segments into packets. As packets travel from network to network, IP addresses are translated to hardware addresses, which are a function of the Data-Link layer. The packets are encapsulated into frames to be placed onto the physical medium. Signaling and encoding mechanisms are defined at this layer, as is the hardware that forms the physical connection between the client and the web server.
Lets rake an example. Suppose you're carrying large amount of goods from one place to other. Say you're travelling in sea using a number of ships. Physical Layer: Physical layer deals with the actual connectivity between the source and destination. If you're transferring data to another machine through LAN, physical layer is the Ethernet connection. The water in the sea connecting your place and destination is the physical layer in our case. Data Link layer: In this layer data is broken down into pieces.
That is your goods will be separated in various categories, say expensive goods, fragile and non fragile. This layer deals with breaking the data being sent and transmitting it through the physical layer.
So goods being categorized and sent through the sea. Network layer: Here the data being sent is organized. It also decides which protocols to use, tcp or udp. So in our case the different compartments of ship where you'll keep these goods is the network layer. It will also decide which generators and engines to be used while travelling protocols. Transport Layer: Transport layer gives you the best route, security and safest path to the destination.
The transportation of data takes place here. So think of the coast guard as transport layer. He'll look after the connection, inform you if there's any danger and tell you the best route to your destination. Session layer: The best way to remember a session is thinking of it as a Hangout or Yahoo messenger chat. When two people start communicating a session is created, as soon as one ends the chat or disconnects session is broken.
Session layer creates a new session for a pack of data. So the time when our ships leaves our docks and till the time it reaches the destination is one whole session, assuming there are no problems during that interval. If your ships gets hijacked by pirates, session is terminated. If the destination blows up, session is terminated. Session plays an important role in online transactions.
In the very last step, where you need to enter OTP or your secure password to authorize the transaction, if you sit idle for more than minutes without any activity, the session will terminate itself and the transaction will be unsuccessful. Presentation Layer: There are times you send various file formats through the network like images or videos. Presentation layer deals with all this different files. It converts this data into a readable format for the destination.
Think of a captain who's in charge of people from various races, countries and languages. He has to make sure everyone will reach to destination and can perform their work over there. Application layer: Many people think of browsers as soon as they hear application layer. But application layers isn't the browsers or application you're using.
In our case if browsers are taken then ships will be out application layer. But application layer is not the browser but the common protocols used by the browsers. So application layer are not the ships but the common fuels these ships are using. If a method is not having any definition then that method is called an Abstract method and it must be declared using the keyword 'abstract'. If a class contains one or more abstract methods then it is called an abstract class and it must be declared using a keyword 'abstract'.
We can create a reference variable of an abstract class but we can not create object of abstract class. It can only be inherited in a below class.
A Media Access Control address MAC address is a unique identifier assigned to network interfaces for communications at data link layer. A MAC address is a 48 bit identifier assigned to every device connected to a network. They are normally written as 6 octets displayed as hexadecimal digits, for example EB8.
The first 3 octets identify the manufacturer, the last 3 are to ensure that each address for that manufacturer is unique. MAC addresses are most often assigned by the manufacturer of a network interface controller NIC and are stored in its hardware. A hash table hash map is a data structure which implements an associative array abstract data type , a structure that can map keys to values. A hash table uses a hash function to compute an index into an array of buckets or slots , from which the desired value can be found.
The maximum size of this array is typically smaller than the number of items in the set of possible values for the type of data being stored in the hash table. MAC addresses are organized based on a manufacturer code plus a number assigned from that space, effectively random. It contains NO information about where the system is, and how it is connected to the Internet. This is the equivalent of a completely flat, bridged network. From harsh experience, flat networks break down under the load of broadcast traffic somewhere under about , systems, even if you manage them carefully.
That would constrain the growth of the Internet to where we were somewhere in the late '80s. Technically, MAC addresses and IP addresses operate on different layers of the internet protocol suit.
MAC addresses are used to identify machines within the same broadcast network on layer 2, while IP addresses are used on layer 3 to identify machines throughout different networks. Select all records from Table A, along with records from Table B for which the join condition is met if at all. Select all records from Table B, along with records from Table A for which the join condition is met if at all.
Select all records from Table A and Table B, regardless of whether the join condition is met or not. A M-ary tree is a rooted tree in which each node has no more than M children. It is also sometimes known as a k-way tree , an N-ary tree , or an k-ary tree.
A M-ary tree results in better memory access patterns, because each node contains M nodes next to each other, which means the height of the tree is shorter wikipedia gives the height, , for a complete k-ary tree as , which is asymptotically the same for any constant , and traversal might jump around less as well, since leaf nodes can contain multiple in-order keys.
M-ary tree are in quad-trees and other space-partitioning trees, where divisioning space using only two nodes per level would make the logic unnecessarily complex; and B-trees used in many databases, where the limiting factor is not how many comparisons are done at each level but how many nodes can be loaded from the hard-drive at once. The idea is to maintain two values in recursive calls 1 Maximum root to leaf path sum for the subtree rooted under current node.
For every visited node X, we find the maximum root to leaf sum in left and right subtrees of X. Advantages of Thread over Process 1. Responsiveness: If the process is divided into multiple threads, if one thread completed its execution, then its output can be immediately responded.
Faster context switch: Context switch time between threads is less compared to process context switch. Process context switch is more overhead for CPU. Effective Utilization of Multiprocessor system: If we have multiple threads in a single process, then we can schedule multiple threads on multiple processor. This will make process execution faster.
Resource sharing: Resources like code, data and file can be shared among all threads within a process. Each thread have its own stack and registers.
Communication: Communication between multiple thread is easier as thread shares common address space. Enhanced Throughput of the system: If process is divided into multiple threads and each thread function is considered as one job, then the number of jobs completed per unit time is increased.
Thus, increasing the throughput of the system. For detailed explanation see article. Both Arrays and Linked List can be used to store linear data of similar types, but they both have some advantages and disadvantages over each other. Also, generally, the allocated memory is equal to the upper limit irrespective of the usage, and in practical uses, upper limit is rarely reached.
And if we want to insert a new ID , then to maintain the sorted order, we have to move all the elements after excluding Deletion is also expensive with arrays until unless some special techniques are used. For example, to delete in id[], everything after has to be moved. In the class-based object -oriented programming paradigm, " object " refers to a particular instance of a class where the object can be a combination of variables, functions, and data structures.
Every object has address called hashcode ex: j2c4a. Recursion makes use of system stack for storing the return addresses of the function calls. Every recursive function has its equivalent iterative non-recursive function.
An interface in java is a blueprint of a class. It has static constants and abstract methods. The interface in java is a mechanism to achieve abstraction. There can be only abstract methods in the java interface not method body. It is used to achieve abstraction and multiple inheritance in Java. The java compiler adds public and abstract keywords before the interface method and public, static and final keywords before data members. In other words, Interface fields are public, static and final bydefault, and methods are public and abstract.
This allows a function or class to work on many different data types without being rewritten for each one. With integrated textile facility in Phagwara Punjab , a daily production capacity of 63 million meters per annum, and a product range consisting of some of the finest cotton and blended fabrics, this division has made a mark both the domestic and international markets. And this has been driven by the desire to excel in every sphere of its operations - spinning, weaving and processing, as well as stringent quality control at each stage of production.
JCT Limited follows a balanced model for growth — corporate responsibility and contribution towards social causes such as literacy and environment, sports and sportspersons development areas important as innovations in production techniques.
Our founder Lala Karam Chand Thapar to was an ordinary man who went on to achieve extraordinary things. A true all-in-one "swiss army knife" system maintenance and optimization suite. Collection of tools and utilities to optimize solid state drives made by Patriot. Feature-packed system diagnostics tool and optimizer.
Make your PC run like new. Repair system errors for best performance. An all-in-one PC optimization application optimizes speed. Windows tuning utility which can clean and eliminate junk files, fix registry errors and perform file recovery operations.
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